国家税务总局


国家税务总局关于下发《国家税务总局关于贯彻实施税收征管法及其实施细则若干问题的规定》的通知(附英文)

1993年11月2日，国家税务总局

通知
各省、自治区、直辖市税务局，各计划单列市税务局：
现将《国家税务总局关于贯彻实施税收征管法及其实施细则若干问题的规定》印发给你们，请认真贯彻执行。
附件：国家税务总局关于贯彻实施税收征管法及其实施细则
若干问题的规定

国家税务总局关于贯彻实施税收征管法及其实施细则若干问题的规定

规定
为了保证《中华人民共和国税收征收管理法》（以下简称《征管法》）和《中华人民共和国税收征收管理法实施细则》（以下简称《细则》）的贯彻实施，现就有关问题规定如下：
一、关于税务登记
根据《细则》第五条的规定，非从事生产、经营的纳税人，除临时取得应税收入或发生应税行为以及只缴纳个人收入调节税、个人所得税、车船使用税的外，都应当自有关部门批准之日起三十日内或自依照法律、行政法规的规定成为法定纳税义务人之日起三十日内，按照《征管法》和《细则》规定的程序及要求，向税务机关申报办理税务登记，税务机关审核后发给税务登记证件。
纳税人办理税务登记时，应按其生产、经营所在地税务机关确定的管辖范围，向其主管税务机关申报办理。税务机关应当在规定时间内予以办理；对不符合规定的，也应给予答复。
税务登记证件分为：税务登记证及其副本和注册税务登记证及其副本。对从事生产经营并经工商行政管理部门核发营业执照的纳税人核发税务登记证及其副本；但对纳税人非独立核算的分支机构及按照本条第一款规定应当办理税务登记的纳税人，核发注册税务登记证及其副本。
纳税人领取税务登记证件后，应当在其生产、经营场所内明显、易见的地方张挂，亮证经营。外出经营的纳税人应当携带税务登记证或注册税务登记证的副本。
税务机关对已发的税务登记证件，应当一年验证一次，三年更换一次。具体验证时间由省、自治区、直辖市税务局统一确定，换证时间由国家税务总局统一规定。
涉外税务登记证件的种类，验、换证时间，暂按国税发〔1993〕021号文执行。
二、关于延期申报
经税务机关批准可以延期办理纳税申报的纳税人，除因不可抗力原因外，都应当在规定的申报期限内，按照上期实际缴纳的税额或者按税务机关核定的税额预缴税款，并在批准的延期内办理纳税结算。
三、关于延期缴纳税款
根据《征管法》第二十条第一款的规定，纳税人因有特殊困难，不能按期缴纳税款的，应当在规定的缴纳期限内，向主管税务机关提出书面申请，并经县以上税务局（分局）批准后，方可延期缴纳税款，但对延期缴纳税款的时间最长不得超过三个月。
四、关于核定税额
根据《征管法》第二十三条和《细则》第三十五条的规定，税务机关可以采取核定税额的方法征收税款。核定税额，是对纳税人当期或以前纳税期应纳税额的确定。但对依照规定可以不设置帐簿的纳税人，税务机关可以核定其下期应纳税额，即采取定期定额的方法征收税款。
五、关于扣押、查封商品、货物或者其他财产的价值计算
根据《征管法》第二十五、二十六、二十七条的规定，税务机关在实施扣押、查封时，按以下方法计算应扣押、查封的商品、货物或其他财产的价值：
（一）扣押、查封商品、货物时，以当地当日市场最低收购价计算。
（二）扣押、查封金银首饰等贵重物品时，按照国家专营机构公布的收购价计算。
（三）扣押、查封不动产时，按当地财产评估机构评估的价值计算。
税务机关按上述方法确定应扣押、查封的商品，货物或其他财产的数量时，还应当包括在扣押、查封、保管、拍卖等过程中所发生的费用。
六、关于纳税担保财产价值的计算
根据《征管法》及其《细则》的规定，纳税人可以未设置抵押权的财产或委托他人提供纳税担保。纳税人或纳税担保人以自有的未设置抵押权的财产作纳税担保时，其价值折算方法按前条规定的原则办理。
七、关于税款的抵缴
按《征管法》及其《细则》的规定，税务机关可将所扣押、查封的商品，货物或其他财产拍卖后取得的收入抵缴税款、滞纳金。对拍卖收入超过应抵缴税款、滞纳金和保管、拍卖费用的部分，在扣除应交税收罚款后的剩余部分，税务机关应当退还给当事人；对不足抵缴税款、滞纳金的，税务机关应当依法补征。
八、关于纳税人拒绝接受扣缴税款的处理
根据《征管法》第十九条第二款的规定，扣缴义务人对纳税人拒绝扣缴的，应当在二十四小时内向税务机关报告，由税务机关依照《征管法》的规定处理。
九、关于税收保全措施的解除
根据《征管法》第二十五条、第二十六条的规定，纳税人在税务机关采取税收保全措施后按照税务机关规定的期限缴纳税款的，税务机关应当在收到税款或银行转回的税票后二十四小时内解除税收保全。
十、关于多缴税款的退还
根据《征管法》第三十条的规定，税务机关对多征税款需退还给纳税人的，应于发现或接到纳税人申报退款书之日起六十日内予以退还，也可按纳税人的要求抵缴下期应纳税款。
十一、关于减免税管理
根据《征管法》第二十一条的规定，纳税人申请减税、免税，应当向主管税务机关提出书面报告，并按规定附送有关资料。经税务机关按规定权限审核批准后，方可享受减税、免税。减税、免税期满，应当自期满次日起恢复纳税。
纳税人在享受减税、免税期间，应当按照《征管法》第十六条第一款的规定办理纳税申报，并按税务机关的规定报送减免税金统计报告。
纳税人必须按照法律、行政法规以及税务机关的规定使用减免税金，对不按规定用途使用的，税务机关有权取消其减税、免税，并追回已减免的税款。
纳税人享受减税、免税的条件发生变化时，应当及时向税务机关报告，经税务机关审核后，停止其减税、免税；对不报告的，税务机关有权追回相应已减免的税款。
纳税人骗取减税、免税的，一律按偷税论处。
十二、本规定自公布之日起执行。

NOTICE ON ISSUING THE STIPULATIONS OF THE STATE ADMINISTRATION OFTAXATION ON SOME ISSUES CONCERNING IMPLEMENTATION OF THE LAW OF TAX COL-LECTION AND MANAGEMENT AND DETAILED RULES FOR ITS IMPLEMENTATION

(State Administration of Taxation: 2, November 1993 Guo Shui Fa[93] No. 117)

Whole Doc.
To the tax bureaus of various provinces, autonomous regions and
municipalities and the tax bureaus of various cities with separate
planning:
The Stipulations of the State Administration of Taxation On Some
Issues Concerning Implementation of the Law of Tax Collection and
Management and Detailed Rules for Its Implementation are hereby printed
and issued to you, please put them into practice in real earnest.
Appendix: Stipulations of the State Administration of Taxation On
Some Issues Concerning Implementation of the Law of Tax Collection and
Management and Detailed Rules for Its Implementation
A duplicate is sent to: The Ministry of Finance

STIPULATIONS OF THE STATE ADMINISTRATION OF TAXATION ON SOME IS- SUES CONCERNING IMPLEMENTATION OF THE LAW OF TAX COLLECTION AND MANA- GEMENT AND DETAILED RULES FOR ITS IMPLEMENTATION
In order to ensure implementation of the Law of the People's Republic
of China for Tax Collection and Management (hereinafter referred to as Law
of Tax Collection and Management and the Detailed Rules for Implementation
of the Law of the People's Republic of China for Tax Collection and
Management, related questions are hereby stipulated as follows:

I. Tax Registration
In accordance with the stipulations of ARTICLE 5 of the Detailed
Rules, tax payers who are not engaged in production and management, apart
from temporarily gaining taxable income or having dutiable conducts as
well as only paying personal income regulatory tax and personal income
tax, and vehicle and vessel license tax, shall all, within 30 days from
the day of approval granted by the department concerned or within 30 days
from the day they become legal tax payers according to the stipulations of
laws and administrative regulations, report to, and perform the procedures
for tax registration, at tax authorities in accordance with the Law for
Tax Collection and Management and the procedures and requirements
stipulated in the Detailed Rules and shall be issued a tax registration
certificate after examination and approval by tax authorities.
While performing the procedures for tax registration, the tax payer
shall report to, and perform procedures at, the competent tax authorities
in line with the scope of jurisdiction defined by the tax authorities in
the location of his or her production and management. The tax authorities
shall handle the matter for him or her within the specified time, and
shall give a reply to those whose case does not fit the stipulations.
Tax registration certificates are classified into: Tax registration
certificate and its duplicate and registered tax registration certificate
and its duplicate. Tax payer who engages in production and management and
who is issued a business license by the administrative department for
industry and commerce shall be issued a tax registration certificate and
its duplicate, but to the branch of the tax payer which is not engaged in
independent accounting, as well as tax payer who shall perform the
procedures for tax registration in line with the stipulations of Clause 1
of this article shall be issued a registered tax registration certificate
and its duplicate.
After receiving the tax registration certificate, the tax payer shall
engage in operation by putting up and display the certificate in the
conspicuous, easily visible place of his or her production and operational
site. Tax payer who engages in operation in another place shall bring with
him or her their tax registration certificate or the duplicate of the
registered tax registration certificate.
Tax authorities shall check the already issued tax registration
certificate once a year and change it once every three years. The concrete
time for checking the certificate shall be determined in a unified way by
the tax bureaus of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities and
the time for changing the certificate shall be stipulated in a unified way
by the State Administration of Taxation.
The category of tax registration certificate related to foreign
countries and the time for checking and changing certificates shall be
carried out temporarily in accordance with the Document Guo Shui Fa (1993)
No. 021.

II. Postponement of Declaration
The tax payer who is approved by tax authorities postponement of
declaration of tax payment, except for irresistible reasons, shall, within
the specified declaration period, pay tax in advance in accordance with
the actually paid tax amount of the previous period or with the tax amount
verified and fixed by tax authorities, and shall perform taxation
settlement within the approved extended period.

III. Deferred Tax Payment
In line with the stipulations of Clause 1 of ARTICLE 20 of the Law
for Tax Collection and Management, tax payer who cannot pay tax on
schedule due to special difficulty shall, within the specified tax paying
period, present a written application to the competent tax authorities and
can postpone paying tax only with approval from the tax bureau
(sub-bureau) at or above the county level, but the longest time for
deferred tax payment shall not exceed three months.

IV. Verifying and Fixing Tax Amount
In line with the stipulations of ARTICLE 23 of the Law for Tax
Collection and Management and ARTICLE 35 of the Detailed Rules, tax
authorities may levy taxes by adopting the method of verifying and fixing
the tax amount. Verifying and fixing tax amount means determining the
dutiable tax amount of the tax payer's current or previous tax period. But
for the tax payer who may not set up an account book in accordance with
stipulations, tax authorities may verify and fix his next period dutiable
tax amount, that is, levying tax by the method of fixed term and fixed
amount.

V. Calculation of the Value of Detained and Sealed Up Commodities, Goods or Other Properties
In accordance with the stipulations of ARTICLES 25, 26, and 27 of the
Law for Tax Collection and Management, tax authorities, while carrying out
detaining and sealing up, shall calculate the value of detained and sealed
up commodities, goods or other properties according to the following
methods:
(1) While detaining and sealing up commodities and goods, tax
authorities shall calculate their value in accordance with the lowest
market purchasing prices at the given time and place.
(2) While detaining and sealing up valuable articles such as gold,
silver and jewelry, tax authorities shall calculate their value in
accordance with the purchasing price published by the special state
institution.
(3) While detaining and sealing up immovable properties, tax
authorities shall calculate the value in accordance with the value
assessed by the local property evaluation organization.
While determining the quantity of the detained and sealed up
commodities, goods or other properties in accordance with the
above-mentioned method, tax authorities shall also include in them the
expense occurred in the course of detaining, sealing up, keeping and
auctioning.

VI. Calculating the Value of Tax Guaranteed Property
In line with the stipulations of the Law for Tax Collection and
Management, the tax payer may use the not mortgage property or entrust
others with providing tax guarantee. While the tax payer or tax guarantor
uses not mortgage property as tax guarantee, the value of the property
shall be calculated in the method of conversion in line with the principle
of the stipulations set in the previous ARTICLE.

VII. The Payment of Tax
In line with the stipulations of the Law for Tax Collection and
Management and its Detailed Rules, tax authorities may use the income
gained from the selling of the detained, sealed up commodities, goods or
other properties to pay tax and overdue fine. With regard to that portion
of income that exceeds the dutiable tax, overdue fine and the expense on
keeping and auctioning, tax authorities shall return the remaining money
after deducting tax fine to the parties concerned; with regard to
deficiency in paying tax and overdue fine, tax authorities shall recollect
the money according to law.

VIII. Handling of Cases Regarding the Tax Payer Who Refuses to
Accept Tax Withheld In line with the stipulations of Clause 2 of
ARTICLE 19 of the Law for Tax Collection and Management, the withholding
agent shall, within 24 hours, report to tax authorities about the case in
which the tax paper refuses to accept tax withheld, tax authorities shall
handle the case in line with the stipulations of the Law for Tax
Collection and Management.

IX. Cancellation of Measures for Preservation of Tax
In accordance with the stipulation of ARTICLES 25 and 26 of the Law
for Tax Collection and Management, when the tax payer pays tax within the
time limit set by tax authorities after measures for the preservation of
tax are adopted by tax authorities, the tax authorities shall, within 24
hours after receiving the tax payments or the tax receipt sent back from
the bank, cancel the preservation of tax.

X. Refund of Extra Tax Money
In line with the stipulations of ARTICLE 30 of the Law for Tax
Collection and Management, with regard to extra levied tax that should be
returned to the tax payer, the tax authorities shall, within 60 days from
discovering or receiving the tax payer's application for refunding, return
the extra tax payment, or use the extra levied tax to pay the next
dutiable tax in compliance with the tax payer's request.

XI. Management of Tax Reduction and Exemption
In accordance with the stipulations of ARTICLE 21 of the Law of Tax
Collection and Management, the tax payer who applies for tax reduction or
exemption, shall submit a written report to the competent tax authorities
and send related materials in line with regulations. The tax payer can
enjoy tax reduction or exemption only after his application is examined
and approved by tax authorities within the specified limit of power. After
the expiration of the period of tax reduction or exemption, the tax payer
shall resume paying tax from the day following the expiration of the
period.
During the period of tax reduction or exemption, the tax payer shall
submit a declaration on tax payment in line with the stipulations of
Clause 1 of ARTICLE 16 of the Law for Tax Collection and Management, and
send in a statistical report on tax reduction or exemption in accordance
with the stipulations of tax authorities.
The tax payer shall use the tax money thus reduced or exempted in
line with the stipulations of the tax authorities, with regard to those
who do not use the money in accordance with the stipulated purposes, the
tax authorities have the right to cancel the tax reduction or exemption
granted to them and recover the already reduced and exempted tax.
When there are changes in the qualifications for enjoying tax
reduction or exemption, the tax payer shall promptly report to the tax
authorities who, after examination and verification, shall stop tax
reduction and exemption; as regards those who fail to submit a report, the
tax authorities have the right to recover the appropriate amount of
already reduced or exempted tax.
The tax payer who gains tax reduction or exemption by cheating shall
be punished without exception for tax evasion.
XII. These Regulations go into effect from the day of publication.


“赢”在“法律管理”——精读《赢》有感

广东环球经纬律师事务所合伙人、金牙大状广州律师网（www.jylawyer.com ）
首席律师 王思鲁


【内容简介】
有了《赢》，人们再也不需要阅读其他的商业管理著作了。
——沃伦•巴菲特
无论是对刚刚离校的毕业生，还是对大公司的CEO而言，本书都是一部公正、坦率、题材全面的商业成功指南。
——比尔•盖茨
在这本《赢》中，韦尔奇结合亲身管理实践及大量鲜活的案例，将其在工作与生活中“赢”的智慧倾囊相授。内容涉及商务活动的诸多层面，包括商业生活的要旨、企业领导的管理智慧、普通员工的求职与晋升之道，乃至如何实现工作与生活的平衡。本书凝聚了韦尔奇一生的管理智慧，是其执掌通用21年来领导艺术的总结与升华。

富兰克林曾说：“要多读书，但不要读太多的书。”笔者向来酷爱读书，但是，人生区区数十年光景，面对漫无边际的书海，实在无法一一穷尽。如今，身处这个鱼龙混杂的信息爆炸时代，冠以“经典”之名，滥竽充数者不乏其数，而真正名副其实的却凤毛麟角。为了不致浪费来之不易的闲暇时光，免不了对纷纭众“书”加以甄别。其实，笔者与我们律师团队的成员早已形成这么一种习惯——研读经典。何谓经典？在我们的字典当中，经典意味着权威性与易读性的统一。而正如前NBC新闻频道主持人兼执行主编汤姆•布罗考对于《赢》的评价：“本书语言朴素而光彩四溢，它就像冠军队伍的演练手册，切实可行却又充满权威。”确实如此。对于我们而言，《赢》是一本不折不扣的经典。
但是，仅仅是“经典”二字，仍不能准确定义我们的阅读范畴。作为一名律师，细数过往所读的书籍，其实，绝大部分是关于管理学方面的经典著作。在笔者生平阅及的书籍当中，与管理学有关的占了一半以上。对此，每次与书友们言及，他们心中大抵都有这样的疑惑——为何笔者如此偏爱管理学的经典，以至不惜牺牲用于阅读法学著作的宝贵时间？
对于律师，管理学的知识与法律技能相比之下同等重要甚至更加重要。乍听起来，这简直是 “天方夜谭”！哪怕这仅仅是针对提供法律顾问服务的律师而言。
孰轻孰重？在这个问题上，或许只有韦尔奇先生等企业家才能与笔者产生共鸣：
“怎么才能赢？这正是本书要谈的主题——赢。或许没有其他话题能让我有兴趣再写一本书了！因为我认为赢是伟大的，不仅仅是‘好’，而是真正——‘伟大的’。”
是的，企业始终关注着如何赢，即如何最大限度的实现盈利。而关于赢的途径，对于企业而言，焦点永远只有一个，那就是管理。对此，相信作为“有史以来公司董事会第一人选”的韦尔奇先生最有发言权。在其对“你的公司如何才能赢”这一问题的解答当中，无论是关于组织内部结构的完善，还是企业机制的创建，管理是贯穿始终的主题。
《赢》作为现代企业管理的“圣经”，其管理理念和方法为当今企业所广泛使用。而这种管理理念和方法所引发的法律风险也显而易见。
《赢》的作者杰克•韦尔奇先生在整本书中，对于企业的管理者而言，贯穿着“区分”的理念和“人的因素”。所谓“区分”的理念，就是要将好的和差的区别对待。把好的留下，把差的剔除。“人的因素”即人才的吸收及使用。然而，这种“区分”的思想和“人的因素”的贯彻和实施是充满着法律风险的。对此，只有具有深厚法律功底而醉心于研究管理学的专业人士，才能把这种风险降到最低。
比如本书所提及的“坦诚”（第2章）、“考评”（第3章）和“变革”（第9章）的提倡及实施，必然会导致“分手”（即解雇，第8章）的结果。这同时也是一个企业走向成功所必然要面对的现实。然而，解雇就意味着劳动合同的解除，这一过程的实施必然存在着巨大的法律风险。当中就所涉及到相关劳动合同的制订问题。应该怎么制定劳动合同，才能够实现无风险地完成以上的管理方式，这并非纯法律人士或者纯管理人员所能够做到的。
又如本书所提倡的“无边界”理念。“无边界”所要求的是“好主意无界限”。这同时也是“人的因素”的体现。通过企业中“人”的好主意好想法充斥整个企业。这样延伸出来的是这种想法的奖励机制问题。
书中也有提到“股票期权”的奖励。这种奖励在GE（美国通用公司）中越来越普遍。这应该也是一个成功企业的一种很理想的做法。这种做法所引出的是“股票期权”合同的制订问题。这种合同所存在的风险在于如果这种合同制订得不好，会直接损害到企业的未来利益。因为这是和“股权”相关联的。如果负责制订这种合同的法律人士不熟知管理学，是很难为企业在这方面规避法律风险的。
当然，类似的例子数不胜数，在此仅举两例而已。
现实中，企业就犹如弦上之箭，一旦离弦便只能向前，直至命中目标。而在 “直飞”的过程中，法律的暗礁无处不在。企业一旦掉以轻心，必定被其所羁绊。
在此，不得不提我从本书中所提炼出的一个新概念：“法律管理”。即法律应该作为管理的一种手段，完全融入企业管理当中，充分发挥其对企业在高速发展中风险防范与排除的作用。与其相配套的，应该是法学与管理学兼备，以法律见长的专业人士。
“以前，你只需做自己的工作。现在，你要学会做别人的工作。”律师，作为企业的法律顾问，在具备大量诉讼经验的前提条件下，只有深谙管理之道，依存于企业管理的视野之中，才能为企业“量体裁衣”，提供贴位的法律风险防范服务。此时，作为企业法律顾问的律师团队，在“帮助企业实现赢”这一向心力的牵引下，与企业内部的其他部门形成职能上的互补，进而形成企业正常运转的一股动力。同时，也只有如此，法律顾问才不致成为游离于企业管理体系之外的一项“外包”业务，才能真正成为企业管理体系中的一个有机组成部分。
赢，是企业管理工作与律师法律服务工作的契合点！而“法律管理”则是对这一契合点的具体表现。
其实，在企业管理中，对于切实存在的法律风险，企业并非总是视而不见。况且，企业也十分清楚，扩张向来都是收益与风险共存的。法律风险防范意识的缺失仅仅是一个诱因，企业更多的时候是被自身对扩张的狂热所灼伤。对此，韦尔奇先生在《赢》关于“企业的兼并收购”一章中指出：“许多陷阱的发生是出于同一原因——对交易的狂热……交易的狂热是完全符合人性的，即使那些最有经验的人也不能避免。”
而回想当年笔者亲办的“民告官第一案”——陈锦洪诉佛山市经委一案，确实如此。本为自己一手操办、苦心经营的企业，虽然不断的发展与壮大，但是，到头来却只是为“他人为嫁衣”。对簿公堂，虽胜犹负，一生心血付诸东流。
虽说“不入虎穴，焉得虎子”，但是，征服的欲望，使理智在胜利面前往往让步于扩张带来的满足。法律风险犹如洪水猛兽，被其吞噬，并非必定是法律风险防范意识缺失使然。人之本性，使得企业管理者常常容易受扩张的狂热欲望所诱导，骑虎难下，濒临法律风险的悬崖边缘仍不顾一切的尝试去逾越那道决定生死的界限。
但是，正是由于企业对于扩张的狂热，才使“法律管理”成为必然。不过，前提是法律管理”是作为企业管理体系中的一个有机部分发挥作用的。
企业凭借着“管理”这对“代达罗斯的羽翼”，便有了畅翔商界天宇的能力，但是，就如代达罗斯对其儿子伊卡洛斯的警示：“必须在半空中飞行。你如果飞得太低，羽翼会碰到海水，沾湿了会变得沉重，你就会被拽在大海里；要是飞得太高，翅膀上的羽毛会因靠近太阳而着火。”而律师团队，是企业管理体系下构建法律风险防范机制，是 “法律管理”，是要引导企业既定的轨道上通往“赢”的归宿，使其藉以翱翔的翅膀不致被海水沾染，也不致被阳光灼损！
综上总总，我们认为：管理学视野中的法律运用应该帮助企业实现财富增值；以贴位的法律风险防范机制颠覆传统的法律顾问制度；构建符合国情的法律风险“防火墙”；帮助企业以最小的成本实现利益的最大化；为成功者锦上添花、给失落者雪中送炭、让创业者防患未然。